Review Practice Exercise 4

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Practice Exercise 4

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Total Questions : 3

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Question 1:

A nurse is preparing to care for a patient with a new-onset seizure. The patient is stable and alert. Which diagnostic step is the highest priority for the nurse to facilitate?

A. Administering a bolus dose of an anti-seizure medication B. Preparing the patient for an immediate CT scan C. Taking a detailed history from the patient and any witnesses D. Scheduling a long-term video-EEG monitoring study

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

An anti-seizure medication is not urgently needed in a patient who is stable and not actively seizing, especially after a single event.

Choice B:

While a CT scan may be indicated, it is not the immediate priority if the patient is stable. The scan may follow history-taking, particularly if trauma or structural lesions are suspected.

Choice C:

A detailed history is the most critical first step in evaluating a new-onset seizure. Information about what occurred before, during, and after the seizure helps differentiate epileptic seizures from mimics (e.g., syncope or psychogenic events) and guides further diagnostic testing.

Choice D:

Long-term video-EEG monitoring is generally reserved for complex or unclear seizure cases and is not appropriate for initial evaluation.

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Question 2:

A nurse is reviewing a patient's diagnostic workup for recurrent seizures. Which of the following are primary purposes for ordering a brain MRI?

A. To confirm the diagnosis of epilepsy B. To identify a structural lesion, such as a tumor or brain malformation C. To measure the electrical activity of the brain D. To rule out a potential cause that may be corrected surgically

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Epilepsy is a clinical diagnosis; imaging helps identify underlying causes but does not alone confirm the condition.

Choice B:

MRI is used to detect structural abnormalities such as tumors, malformations, or cortical scarring that may be the underlying cause of epilepsy. Identifying such causes is critical for treatment planning.

Choice C:

Electrical activity is assessed through EEG, not MRI, which provides anatomical—not functional—data.

Choice D:

MRI can reveal surgically treatable conditions like mesial temporal sclerosis, tumors, or vascular malformations, which may offer curative options in refractory epilepsy.

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Question 3:

A nurse is educating a patient and family about atonic seizures. Which of the following statements indicates an accurate understanding of this type of seizure?

A. Atonic seizures typically involve rhythmic jerking of the extremities. B. Atonic seizures are characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone, often leading to falls. C. Atonic seizures usually begin with an aura and progress to loss of consciousness. D. Atonic seizures cause stiffening of the body followed by limb jerking.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Atonic seizures typically involve rhythmic jerking of the extremitiesThis describes clonic seizures, not atonic seizures.

Choice B:

Atonic seizures are characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone, often leading to fallsThis is the hallmark feature of atonic seizures. The sudden loss of postural control is what differentiates them from other seizure types.

Choice C:

Atonic seizures usually begin with an aura and progress to loss of consciousness
Auras are more common in focal seizures, and loss of consciousness is variable in atonic seizures.

Choice D:

Atonic seizures cause stiffening of the body followed by limb jerkingThis is characteristic of tonic-clonic seizures, not atonic seizures.

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Practice Exercise 4

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