Review Practice Excercise 1

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Practice Excercise 1

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Total Questions : 3

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Question 1:

A nurse is assessing a client who reports an overwhelming fear of elevators. The client avoids visiting her doctor’s office on the 10th floor because she fears being trapped inside the elevator. The client states, “I know it's irrational, but I just can't help it.” Which of the following characteristics best supports a diagnosis of specific phobia?

A. The client's fear is associated with multiple unrelated objects and events. B. The client experiences persistent fear and avoids elevators despite recognizing the fear is excessive. C. The client has difficulty concentrating due to persistent, free-floating anxiety. D. The client experiences sudden panic attacks with no identifiable trigger.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Multiple unrelated fears suggest generalized anxiety or another disorder, not specific phobia, which is tied to a distinct trigger.

Choice B:

Persistent fear with insight into its irrationality, coupled with avoidance, directly meets DSM-5 criteria for specific phobia. The client’s awareness and behavioral impact confirm the diagnosis.

Choice C:

Free-floating anxiety without a clear stimulus aligns with generalized anxiety disorder, not the targeted fear seen in phobias.

Choice D:

Panic attacks without a trigger point to panic disorder, which differs from phobia’s stimulus-bound anxiety response.

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Question 2:

A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the neurobiological mechanisms involved in specific phobias. Which of the following statements by a student indicates correct understanding?

A. “The hypothalamus directly inhibits fear responses through dopamine release.” B. “The cerebellum is the key structure responsible for fear recognition and response.” C. “The amygdala activates the sympathetic nervous system when exposed to the phobic stimulus.” D. “The pituitary gland suppresses the fight-or-flight response during phobic episodes.”

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Dopamine from the hypothalamus does not directly inhibit fear; instead, the hypothalamus coordinates stress responses via the HPA axis.

Choice B:

The cerebellum regulates motor coordination, not emotional processing or fear recognition, making it irrelevant to phobic responses.

Choice C:

The amygdala initiates sympathetic activation when exposed to a phobic stimulus, leading to physiological fear responses like tachycardia and hyperventilation.

Choice D:

The pituitary gland facilitates hormonal stress responses (e.g., ACTH release), not suppression of the fight-or-flight reaction during phobia. making it irrelevant to phobic responses.

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Question 3:

Systematic desensitization is the most suitable treatment for the treatment of:

A. Phobia B. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) C. Hysteria D. Hypochondriasis

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Systematic desensitization is designed to treat phobias by gradually exposing the client to the feared stimulus while inducing relaxation. It retrains the fear response through reciprocal inhibition, making it the most suitable and evidence-based intervention.

Choice B:

OCD involves intrusive thoughts and compulsions, not stimulus-specific fear. Treatment focuses on exposure with response prevention, not desensitization.

Choice C:

Hysteria, now classified under conversion disorder, involves neurological symptoms without organic cause. Desensitization is not effective for motor or sensory deficits.

Choice D:

Hypochondriasis, now termed illness anxiety disorder, involves preoccupation with having a serious illness. Cognitive restructuring and reassurance techniques are preferred over exposure therapy.

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Practice Excercise 1

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