Review Suicide

Mood Disorders and Suicide > Mental Health

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Suicide

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Question 1:

A nurse is providing education to a group of healthcare professionals about suicide and suicidal ideation. Which of the following statements accurately describes suicidal ideation?

A. Suicidal ideation is a diagnosis in itself. B. Suicidal ideation is more common in older adults. C. Suicidal ideation always involves a detailed plan for self-harm. D. Suicidal ideation can be a symptom of various underlying mental health conditions.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Suicidal ideation is not a diagnosis on its own. It is a symptom that indicates emotional or psychological distress. Diagnoses are typically related to specific mental health disorders (e.g., major depressive disorder, borderline personality disorder) that may or may not involve suicidal ideation.

Choice B:

Suicidal ideation is not solely more common in older adults. It can affect individuals of all age groups, including children, adolescents, and adults. While the prevalence and characteristics of suicidal ideation may vary across age groups, it is not accurate to state that it is more common in older adults.

Choice C:

Suicidal ideation does not always involve a detailed plan for self-harm. Suicidal ideation exists on a continuum, ranging from vague thoughts of death to well-formed plans for suicide. Some individuals may experience fleeting thoughts of wanting to die without having a detailed plan, while others may have specific plans and intent.

Choice D:

Suicidal ideation can be a symptom of various underlying mental health conditions. It is not a diagnosis in itself but rather a manifestation of an individual's thoughts about self-harm or suicide. Suicidal ideation can range from passive thoughts of death to active and detailed plans for self-harm. It is essential for healthcare professionals to recognize and assess suicidal ideation as it can indicate significant distress and potential risk.

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Question 2:

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is conducting an assessment of a client who may be at risk for suicide. Which of the following are common risk factors associated with suicide and suicidal ideation? (Select three.).

A. Being extroverted. B. Having strong family support. C. Experiencing chronic physical illness. D. Having a history of positive life events. E. Suffering from a substance use disorder.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Being extroverted is not a common risk factor associated with suicide and suicidal ideation. Extroverted individuals typically have strong social interactions and connections, which are often considered protective factors against suicide.

Choice B:

Having strong family support is not a common risk factor for suicide. In fact, strong family support is generally considered a protective factor that can mitigate the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Close familial relationships can provide emotional support and a sense of belonging.

Choice C:

Experiencing chronic physical illness is a common risk factor for suicide. Chronic physical illness can lead to prolonged suffering, decreased quality of life, and feelings of hopelessness, which are all associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation.

Choice D:

Having a history of positive life events is not a common risk factor for suicide. Positive life events are more likely to act as protective factors against suicide, as they contribute to an individual's overall well-being and resilience.

Choice E:

Suffering from a substance use disorder is a common risk factor for suicide. Substance abuse can impair judgment, increase impulsivity, exacerbate emotional distress, and weaken the individual's ability to cope effectively, all of which contribute to an elevated risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

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Question 3:

A client who recently lost their spouse to a terminal illness expresses, "I just can't go on without them. Life feels meaningless now." Which statement by the nurse would be appropriate in this situation?

A. "You shouldn't feel that way. There are many people who care about you.". B. "I understand how you feel. Grief can be overwhelming.". C. "You need to stay strong for your children.". D. "Try not to think about it too much. Time heals all wounds.".

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Telling the client that they shouldn't feel a certain way and suggesting that others care about them minimizes their emotions and can be invalidating. It's essential to acknowledge the client's feelings without dismissing them.

Choice B:

Expressing understanding and acknowledging the overwhelming nature of grief is appropriate and empathetic. This response validates the client's emotions and creates a safe space for them to express their feelings.

Choice C:

While the intention behind encouraging the client to stay strong for their children might be positive, it oversimplifies the complexity of grief and emotional responses. Grief is a personal experience, and implying that they should suppress their emotions for the sake of others is not ideal.

Choice D:

Suggesting that the client avoid thinking about their loss or that time will heal their wounds can invalidate their current emotional state. Grief doesn't always follow a linear path, and minimizing the impact of the loss can hinder the client's healing process.

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Question 4:

A nurse is assessing a client for potential suicidal ideation. The client says, "I've been thinking a lot about death lately. I wonder what it's like to not exist anymore." What would be an appropriate response by the nurse?

A. "You shouldn't dwell on those thoughts. They're not healthy.". B. "I can see that you're feeling down, but these thoughts will pass.". C. "Tell me more about what you're experiencing.". D. "Just remember that things will get better soon.".

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Dismissing the client's thoughts and labeling them as unhealthy might cause the client to feel judged or reluctant to share further. It's important to approach the situation with openness and empathy.

Choice B:

While it's true that the client's thoughts might pass, this response doesn't address the client's feelings or encourage them to express themselves. It's important to engage in a more in-depth conversation to understand their emotions.

Choice C:

Asking the client to elaborate on their thoughts and experiences opens the door for meaningful conversation and assessment. This response shows genuine interest in the client's well-being and allows the nurse to gather more information to determine the appropriate level of support.

Choice D:

Telling the client that things will get better soon might come across as dismissive of their current struggles. It's important to validate their emotions and explore their feelings further rather than offering premature reassurances.

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Question 5:

A client with a history of substance use disorder and recent job loss is exhibiting signs of suicidal ideation. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate in this situation?

A. Advise the client to keep their feelings to themselves. B. Encourage the client to isolate themselves until they feel better. C. Ask the client directly if they are thinking about harming themselves. D. Provide the client with alcohol or drugs to help them cope.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Advising the client to keep their feelings to themselves is not an appropriate intervention in this situation. Suicidal ideation is a serious concern, and keeping feelings hidden could potentially lead to the client not receiving the necessary support and intervention they need to stay safe.

Choice B:

Encouraging the client to isolate themselves until they feel better is not an appropriate intervention either. Isolation can exacerbate feelings of hopelessness and increase the risk of acting on suicidal thoughts. Connecting with the client and providing a supportive environment is crucial.

Choice C:

Asking the client directly if they are thinking about harming themselves is the most appropriate intervention. This approach helps the nurse assess the severity of the situation, open a dialogue about the client's feelings, and determine the level of risk. Direct communication allows for a better understanding of the client's mental state and the need for further intervention.

Choice D:

Providing the client with alcohol or drugs to help them cope is a dangerous and inappropriate intervention. Substance use can further impair judgment and increase the risk of acting on suicidal thoughts. This action also fails to address the underlying issues contributing to the client's distress.

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Question 6:

A nurse is educating a group of teenagers about warning signs of suicide. Which of the following signs should the nurse emphasize as potential indicators of suicidal ideation? (Select three.).

A. Engaging in team sports. B. Expressing feelings of hopelessness. C. Withdrawing from social activities. D. Demonstrating good academic performance. E. Participating in creative hobbies.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Engaging in team sports is generally a positive activity and does not typically indicate suicidal ideation. While team sports can have mental health benefits, it is important to focus on the other signs that are more strongly associated with potential suicide risk.

Choice B:

Expressing feelings of hopelessness is a significant warning sign of suicidal ideation. When individuals consistently express a sense of hopelessness, it could indicate that they feel trapped in their current situation and may be contemplating suicide as a way out.

Choice C:

Withdrawing from social activities is a red flag for potential suicidal ideation. Social withdrawal can be indicative of a lack of interest in activities once enjoyed, a desire to isolate oneself, and an increased sense of loneliness and isolation, all of which are concerning signs.

Choice D:

Demonstrating good academic performance is generally not a strong indicator of suicidal ideation. It's important to consider other emotional and behavioral signs that are more closely related to mental distress.

Choice E:

Participating in creative hobbies can be a warning sign of suicidal ideation, especially if there is a sudden loss of interest in activities that the person used to enjoy. Creative hobbies may serve as an outlet for emotions, and a decrease in engagement could signal emotional turmoil.

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Question 7:

A client has been diagnosed with depression and has a history of suicide attempts. What intervention is essential for the nurse to implement?

A. Leaving the client alone to give them space. B. Removing any potential means of self-harm from the client's environment. C. Encouraging the client to confront their feelings of hopelessness. D. Telling the client that they should be grateful for what they have.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Leaving the client alone to give them space is not a suitable intervention for someone with a history of suicide attempts and depression. Isolation can increase the risk of acting on suicidal thoughts, and the client needs close monitoring and support during this vulnerable time.

Choice B:

Removing any potential means of self-harm from the client's environment is essential. This intervention helps reduce the immediate risk by limiting access to harmful items. It's a crucial step in creating a safer environment for the client and preventing impulsive acts of self-harm.

Choice C:

Encouraging the client to confront their feelings of hopelessness is important, but it should be done in a supportive and therapeutic manner. Simply telling someone to confront their feelings without appropriate guidance can be overwhelming and unproductive.

Choice D:

Telling the client that they should be grateful for what they have minimizes their emotional experience and does not address the complexity of depression and suicidal ideation. This statement lacks empathy and understanding of the client's struggles.

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Question 8:

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is providing care to a client who is displaying warning signs of suicidal ideation. Which interventions should the nurse prioritize to ensure the client's safety? (Select three.).

A. Monitoring the client's access to lethal means. B. Encouraging the client to isolate themselves for self-reflection. C. Providing the client with a detailed plan for coping. D. Collaborating with the client's family and friends. E. Administering sedative medications to keep the client calm.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Monitoring the client's access to lethal means is a crucial intervention to ensure the client's safety. This involves assessing the client's access to items that could be used for self-harm or suicide, such as medications, sharp objects, firearms, or other potentially dangerous items. By controlling the client's access to these means, the nurse can reduce the immediate risk of harm.

Choice B:

Choice C:

Choice D:

Collaborating with the client's family and friends is essential in providing a supportive environment. These individuals can offer emotional support, encouragement, and supervision, which can contribute to the client's overall safety. The nurse can educate the client's support network about warning signs and appropriate responses, fostering a more secure environment.

Choice E:

Administering sedative medications to keep the client calm is not a recommended intervention for ensuring the safety of a client displaying suicidal ideation. Sedative medications may temporarily mask the client's distress but will not address the underlying issues contributing to their suicidal thoughts. Moreover, sedatives can have side effects and potentially interact with other medications, further complicating the situation.

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Question 9:

(Select All That Apply): A client has expressed thoughts of suicide during a therapy session. Which therapeutic interventions should the nurse incorporate into the client's care plan? (Select three.).

A. Exploring the client's feelings and thoughts about suicide. B. Developing a safety plan with the client. C. Avoiding any discussion of suicide to prevent negative feelings. D. Instructing the client to suppress their emotions. E. Identifying the client's support systems and resources.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Exploring the client's feelings and thoughts about suicide is crucial to understanding their perspective, emotions, and reasons behind their thoughts. Openly discussing these feelings can help the client feel understood and validated, fostering a therapeutic relationship and potentially reducing their distress.

Choice B:

Developing a safety plan with the client is essential. A safety plan outlines strategies the client can use when they experience suicidal thoughts or overwhelming emotions. It includes steps to manage their emotions, reach out for support, and avoid harmful behaviors. Having a concrete plan in place empowers the client to take control of their safety.

Choice C:

Choice D:

Choice E:

Identifying the client's support systems and resources is important for their recovery. Building a network of people who can offer emotional support, as well as identifying professional resources such as therapists or support groups, can enhance the client's coping mechanisms and reduce feelings of isolation.

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Question 10:

A nurse is caring for a client who recently attempted suicide and is now stabilized. What is a priority nursing goal for this client?

A. Isolating the client from friends and family to prevent further emotional distress. B. Encouraging the client to keep their feelings and experiences private. C. Collaborating with the client to develop a comprehensive aftercare plan. D. Discharging the client home as soon as possible to resume their daily routine.

Answer and Explanation

Choice C:

Collaborating with the client to develop a comprehensive aftercare plan is a priority nursing goal for a client who has recently attempted suicide and is now stabilized. Aftercare planning involves creating a structured plan that addresses the client's ongoing psychological, emotional, and social needs. This includes arranging follow-up therapy sessions, connecting with appropriate community resources, and involving the client in decisions regarding their care. Developing an aftercare plan aims to prevent further episodes of suicidal ideation and support the client's overall well-being. Isolating the client from friends and family, as mentioned in choice A, would be counterproductive. Isolation can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and hopelessness, potentially increasing the risk of further emotional distress. Encouraging the client to keep their feelings and experiences private, as suggested in choice B, is not in line with therapeutic practice. Open communication and sharing emotions with appropriate support systems are crucial for the client's healing process. Discharging the client home as soon as possible, as mentioned in choice D, without addressing the underlying issues and providing a comprehensive aftercare plan, could lead to a recurrence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. It is essential to ensure the client's safety and well-being before considering discharge. .

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Question 11:

A nurse is assessing a patient with suicidal ideation. Which step of the nursing process involves collecting data about the patient's physical and mental health status, suicide risk level, protective factors, coping skills, and support system?

A. Diagnosis. B. Planning. C. Implementation. D. Evaluation.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

In the nursing process, the step of diagnosis involves collecting data about the patient's physical and mental health status, suicide risk level, protective factors, coping skills, and support system. This step is critical in identifying the patient's current condition, problems, and needs. By assessing these aspects, the nurse can accurately diagnose the patient's situation and develop an appropriate care plan. Suicide risk assessment is an essential component of this step, as it helps determine the severity of the patient's ideation and potential for harm.

Choice B:

Planning is the phase of the nursing process where the nurse, in collaboration with the patient, sets goals and develops a strategy to address the identified problems. While planning does involve considering the patient's suicide risk assessment, it primarily focuses on outlining interventions and actions to achieve the desired outcomes. It does not encompass the comprehensive data collection and assessment of the patient's mental and physical health status that are central to the diagnosis phase.

Choice C:

Implementation is the stage in the nursing process where the nurse carries out the planned interventions and treatments. It involves executing the care plan that was developed during the planning phase. While suicide risk factors and protective factors may influence the choice of interventions, implementation itself does not encompass the data collection and assessment aspects required to fully evaluate the patient's condition.

Choice D:

Evaluation is the final step of the nursing process, during which the nurse assesses the effectiveness of the interventions and evaluates the patient's progress toward achieving the established goals. It involves comparing the patient's current status with the expected outcomes and making necessary adjustments to the care plan. While suicide risk assessment may play a role in evaluating the patient's response to interventions, it is not the primary focus of the evaluation phase, which is centered around the assessment of treatment outcomes.

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Question 12:

(Select all that apply): A nurse is establishing a therapeutic relationship with a patient at risk for suicide. Which of the following skills should the nurse use to build rapport and trust with the patient? Select three.

A. Asking close-ended questions. B. Reflecting back the patient's feelings and thoughts. C. Imposing personal views and opinions. D. Encouraging patient involvement in decision making. E. Disregarding patient preferences.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Asking close-ended questions involves inquiring about specific information that can be answered with a brief response, such as "yes" or "no." While these questions have their place in assessment, they are not conducive to building rapport and trust in a therapeutic relationship. Open-ended questions encourage more extensive and meaningful communication.

Choice B:

Reflecting back the patient's feelings and thoughts is a valuable skill in establishing a therapeutic relationship. It demonstrates that the nurse is actively listening and trying to understand the patient's perspective. This technique helps validate the patient's emotions and fosters a sense of trust and empathy.

Choice C:

Imposing personal views and opinions goes against the principles of therapeutic communication. Nurses should maintain a nonjudgmental and objective stance to create a safe environment for patients to express themselves. Imposing personal views can hinder effective communication and damage the therapeutic relationship.

Choice D:

Encouraging patient involvement in decision making empowers the patient and promotes their autonomy. Collaboration in care decisions enhances the patient's sense of control and ownership over their treatment. This approach is especially important when dealing with sensitive issues like suicide risk, as it helps the patient feel heard and respected.

Choice E:

Disregarding patient preferences contradicts patient-centered care, which is a fundamental principle in nursing practice. Building a therapeutic relationship requires acknowledging and respecting the patient's preferences, values, and beliefs. Disregarding these aspects can lead to mistrust and hinder effective communication.

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Question 13:

A nurse is assessing a patient's suicide risk using standardized tools. Which statement is accurate regarding the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)?

A. "This scale assesses suicide-related thoughts and behaviors in the past year.". B. "This self-report questionnaire screens for depression and suicidal ideation in the past two weeks.". C. "It guides the evaluation and triage of patients with suicidal ideation or behavior based on five steps.". D. "The C-SSRS measures the severity and intensity of suicidal ideation and behavior in the past month.".

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This statement is not accurate. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) is not focused on assessing suicide-related thoughts and behaviors in the past year. Instead, it is designed to assess the severity of suicidal ideation and behavior over a specified time frame.

Choice B:

This statement is not accurate. The C-SSRS is not a self-report questionnaire for depression and suicidal ideation in the past two weeks. It is a structured interview that involves a series of questions and prompts administered by a trained clinician to assess the severity of suicidal ideation and behavior.

Choice C:

This statement is accurate. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) guides the evaluation and triage of patients with suicidal ideation or behavior based on five steps: Determining the presence of active suicidal ideation. Assessing the intensity of ideation. Examining the presence and severity of any preparatory behavior. Evaluating the level of intent to die. Determining the lethality of the suicide plan. The C-SSRS is widely used in clinical and research settings to assess suicide risk and guide appropriate interventions.

Choice D:

This statement is not accurate. The C-SSRS does not measure the severity and intensity of suicidal ideation and behavior in the past month. It focuses on assessing the severity of suicidal ideation and behavior based on the steps mentioned in choice C.

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Question 14:

A nurse is conducting an assessment for a patient with suicidal ideation. Which skill involves acknowledging the patient's feelings and thoughts as real and understandable without agreeing or disagreeing with them?

A. Active listening. B. Empowerment. C. Validation. D. Open-ended questions.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Active listening. Active listening is an important communication skill that involves attentively hearing and interpreting what the patient is saying. However, it doesn't specifically address the aspect of acknowledging the patient's feelings and thoughts as real and understandable without agreeing or disagreeing.

Choice B:

Empowerment. Empowerment refers to the process of enabling and supporting patients to take control of their own health and make informed decisions. While this is an essential aspect of patient care, it doesn't directly address the skill of acknowledging the patient's feelings and thoughts without expressing agreement or disagreement.

Choice C:

Validation. Validation involves recognizing and accepting the patient's feelings and thoughts as valid, even if you don't share the same perspective. It shows empathy and understanding without passing judgment. In the context of a patient with suicidal ideation, validation is crucial as it helps build trust and rapport, creating an environment where the patient feels heard and supported.

Choice D:

Open-ended questions. Open-ended questions are inquiries that can't be answered with a simple "yes" or "no" and encourage patients to provide more detailed responses. While they are valuable for eliciting information, they don't specifically address the act of acknowledging the patient's feelings and thoughts as real and understandable without taking a stance.

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Question 15:

A client is being assessed for nursing diagnoses related to suicidal ideation. Which nursing diagnosis prioritization principle should the nurse apply according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A. Psychological needs are more important than physiological needs. B. Social isolation takes precedence over impaired coping. C. Physiological needs are more important than psychological needs. D. Grieving is considered the highest priority diagnosis.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Psychological needs are more important than physiological needs. This statement contradicts Maslow's hierarchy of needs. According to Maslow's theory, physiological needs, such as air, water, food, and shelter, are at the base of the hierarchy and must be satisfied before addressing higher-level psychological needs.

Choice B:

Social isolation takes precedence over impaired coping. While social isolation can indeed have a significant impact on a person's well-being, Maslow's hierarchy places physiological needs as the foundation. Without satisfying basic physiological needs, addressing higher-level psychological and social needs becomes less effective.

Choice C:

Physiological needs are more important than psychological needs. This choice aligns with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The hierarchy starts with physiological needs as the most fundamental, followed by safety, belongingness and love, esteem, and finally, self-actualization. A person's physiological needs (like breathing, food, water, sleep) must be met before psychological needs (such as self-esteem, achievement) can be effectively addressed.

Choice D:

Grieving is considered the highest priority diagnosis. Grieving, while important, isn't necessarily the highest priority diagnosis according to Maslow's hierarchy. It falls under psychological and emotional needs, which are secondary to physiological needs. Urgent physiological needs take precedence over emotional needs in this context.

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Question 16:

A nurse is analyzing data collected during the assessment phase for a patient at risk for suicide. What is the primary goal of the diagnosis phase in the nursing process?

A. Building rapport and trust with the patient. B. Identifying the nursing diagnoses related to suicide risk. C. Developing a plan of care for the patient's needs. D. Evaluating the effectiveness of interventions.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Building rapport and trust with the patient. Building rapport and trust is a crucial aspect of the assessment phase, not the diagnosis phase, of the nursing process. While it's important to establish a strong nurse-patient relationship, the primary goal of the diagnosis phase is to identify and define the patient's health problems and needs.

Choice B:

Identifying the nursing diagnoses related to suicide risk. The diagnosis phase involves analyzing the assessment data to identify and define the patient's health issues and needs. In the case of a patient at risk for suicide, it's essential to accurately identify the specific nursing diagnoses related to the suicide risk. This lays the foundation for developing an appropriate plan of care.

Choice C:

Developing a plan of care for the patient's needs. While developing a plan of care is a critical step in the nursing process, it comes after the diagnosis phase. Once nursing diagnoses are identified, the nurse can then proceed to plan interventions and strategies to address the patient's needs.

Choice D:

Evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. Evaluation is the final phase of the nursing process and occurs after interventions have been implemented. It involves determining whether the interventions have been successful in achieving the desired outcomes. The primary goal of the diagnosis phase is to identify the patient's health problems, not to evaluate interventions.

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Question 17:

A client is diagnosed with "Impaired coping." Which statement accurately describes this nursing diagnosis for a patient with suicidal ideation?

A. The client is at risk for self-inflicted, life-threatening injury. B. The client experiences aloneness as a negative or threatening state. C. The client is unable to use appropriate skills to cope with stressors. D. The client has long-standing negative self-evaluation.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The nursing diagnosis "Impaired coping" signifies that the client is experiencing difficulty in dealing with stressors and challenges. While it's true that impaired coping can contribute to various negative outcomes, the most critical concern when dealing with a client diagnosed with impaired coping and suicidal ideation is the risk of self-inflicted harm, which aligns with choice A. Clients with impaired coping and suicidal ideation are at a heightened risk for engaging in self-destructive behaviors, including attempts at self-inflicted, life-threatening injury. This choice is the most relevant and urgent, as it directly addresses the potential harm the client may cause to themselves due to their impaired coping skills.

Choice B:

Although feelings of aloneness can contribute to psychological distress and could potentially be relevant to the client's situation, choice B does not directly address the immediate risk of self-inflicted injury associated with impaired coping and suicidal ideation. The focus in this case should be on the client's safety and preventing self-harm.

Choice C:

This choice accurately describes one aspect of impaired coping but does not specifically address the increased risk of self-inflicted harm or the severity of the situation presented in the question. While impaired coping does involve the inability to use appropriate skills to manage stressors, the urgency of addressing the immediate risk of self-inflicted injury takes precedence in this scenario.

Choice D:

Negative self-evaluation may contribute to impaired coping, but the question specifically relates to the client's risk for self-inflicted, life-threatening injury. While negative self-evaluation could be part of the client's overall presentation, it's not the most direct or urgent concern in this situation.

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Question 18:

A. Using closed-ended questions. B. Encouraging active patient involvement. C. Imposing personal opinions. D. Reflecting the patient's feelings and thoughts. E. Disregarding the patient's preferences.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Closed-ended questions often limit conversation and do not encourage deeper exploration of feelings or thoughts. In a therapeutic relationship with a patient at risk for suicide, the focus should be on open communication and building trust, which is not achieved through the use of closed-ended questions. Therefore, this choice is not suitable for building rapport and trust.

Choice B:

Encouraging active patient involvement is crucial for establishing a therapeutic relationship. It empowers the patient to share their thoughts, concerns, and feelings openly. This choice promotes a sense of collaboration and trust between the nurse and the patient, creating a safe space for discussing sensitive topics like suicidal thoughts.

Choice C:

Imposing personal opinions can create a power imbalance and hinder the therapeutic relationship. Patients should feel that their thoughts and feelings are respected and valued. Imposing personal opinions could alienate the patient and undermine the trust-building process.

Choice D:

Reflecting the patient's feelings and thoughts involves active listening and showing empathy. This technique validates the patient's emotions and experiences, fostering a sense of understanding and trust. Reflecting feelings and thoughts demonstrates that the nurse is genuinely engaged and interested in the patient's perspective.

Choice E:

Disregarding the patient's preferences goes against the principles of patient-centered care and building a therapeutic relationship. The patient's preferences and needs should be acknowledged and respected to establish trust and rapport. Disregarding preferences can lead to feelings of invalidation and hinder the development of a meaningful connection.

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Question 19:

(Select all that apply): A nurse is analyzing data collected during the assessment phase for a patient at risk for suicide. Which of the following nursing diagnoses are commonly associated with suicidal ideation? Select three.

A. Risk for suicide. B. Ineffective family coping. C. Chronic low self-esteem. D. Altered nutrition. E. Risk for infection.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This choice aligns with the primary concern of the patient being at risk for suicide, which is the focus of the assessment. Identifying this diagnosis is crucial for implementing appropriate interventions to ensure the patient's safety.

Choice B:

Ineffective family coping could contribute to the patient's stressors and emotional state. It's relevant because the support system plays a significant role in a patient's mental health. However, it might not be as immediate a concern as the risk for suicide itself.

Choice C:

Chronic low self-esteem is relevant to the patient's overall mental health and might contribute to their suicidal ideation. However, it might not directly address the immediate risk and urgency of the situation compared to the diagnosis of "Risk for suicide."

Choice D:

Altered nutrition and risk for infection are not directly related to the primary concern of suicidal ideation and the associated nursing diagnoses. While they may be aspects of the patient's overall health, they are not the most pertinent concerns when addressing the risk of suicide.

Choice E:

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Question 20:

A client is diagnosed with "Hopelessness." How would the nurse define this nursing diagnosis for a patient with suicidal ideation?

A. The client is at risk for self-inflicted, life-threatening injury. B. The client has a subjective state with limited personal choices. C. The client is unable to cope with stressors. D. The client experiences compromised family coping.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The client is at risk for self-inflicted, life-threatening injury. This choice does not accurately define the nursing diagnosis of "Hopelessness." While it is true that hopelessness can lead to self-harm or suicide, the nursing diagnosis focuses on the client's emotional state and personal choices rather than the immediate risk of injury.

Choice B:

The client has a subjective state with limited personal choices. This choice accurately defines the nursing diagnosis of "Hopelessness." Hopelessness refers to the client's emotional state of feeling devoid of hope, often resulting in a perceived lack of personal choices and options. This sense of hopelessness can contribute to feelings of despair and potentially suicidal ideation.

Choice C:

The client is unable to cope with stressors. This choice is not the most accurate definition of "Hopelessness." While hopelessness can certainly impact a client's ability to cope with stressors, the primary focus of the diagnosis is on the subjective emotional state and perceived lack of choices, rather than their coping abilities.

Choice D:

The client experiences compromised family coping. This choice is not directly related to the nursing diagnosis of "Hopelessness." Family coping refers to how a family unit manages stressors together, whereas hopelessness pertains to an individual's emotional state and perceived choices. .

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Question 21:

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with suicidal ideation. Which of the following is a priority principle to consider in the planning phase for this patient's care?

A. Prioritize long-term goals over short-term outcomes. B. Develop a rigid and unchangeable plan of care. C. Focus only on the patient's physical health. D. Collaborate with the patient and the healthcare team.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Prioritize long-term goals over short-term outcomes. This choice is not the most appropriate principle to consider in the planning phase for a patient with suicidal ideation. While setting long-term goals is important, immediate safety and addressing the patient's emotional state take precedence in this situation.

Choice B:

Develop a rigid and unchangeable plan of care. This choice is not suitable for a patient with suicidal ideation. Flexibility in the plan of care is essential to accommodate the patient's changing emotional state and needs. A rigid plan might not effectively address the dynamic nature of suicidal ideation.

Choice C:

Focus only on the patient's physical health. This choice is not comprehensive enough for a patient with suicidal ideation. While physical health is important, addressing the patient's emotional well-being, safety, and mental health concerns should be a priority in the plan of care.

Choice D:

Collaborate with the patient and the healthcare team. This choice is the most appropriate principle to consider. Collaboration involves actively involving the patient in the care planning process and working with the healthcare team to develop a holistic plan that addresses the patient's emotional, psychological, and safety needs. Inclusion of the patient's perspective enhances engagement and increases the likelihood of successful interventions.

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Question 22:

A nurse is caring for a client who has expressed suicidal thoughts. Select all the interventions that the nurse should include in the implementation phase of the client's care.

A. Administering prescribed antidepressant medication. B. Creating a hope box for the client. C. Teaching relaxation techniques to the client. D. Encouraging social isolation to prevent triggers. E. Providing crisis hotline numbers to the client.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Administering prescribed antidepressant medication. This intervention can be included in the implementation phase of care for a client with expressed suicidal thoughts. Antidepressant medication, when prescribed by a healthcare provider, can help alleviate depressive symptoms and improve the client's overall mental state.

Choice B:

Creating a hope box for the client. Creating a hope box, filled with personal mementos, coping strategies, and reminders of positive experiences, can provide the client with a tangible tool for managing moments of despair. This can contribute to the client's emotional well-being and resilience.

Choice C:

Teaching relaxation techniques to the client. Teaching relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, mindfulness, or progressive muscle relaxation, can equip the client with coping skills to manage anxiety, stress, and overwhelming emotions. These techniques can be valuable in preventing escalation of suicidal thoughts.

Choice D:

Encouraging social isolation to prevent triggers. This choice is not appropriate for a client with expressed suicidal thoughts. Encouraging social isolation can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and hopelessness, potentially increasing the risk of self-harm. Social support and connection are essential protective factors.

Choice E:

Providing crisis hotline numbers to the client. Supplying crisis hotline numbers ensures that the client has access to immediate support during times of distress. This intervention helps the client reach out for help when needed and promotes safety.

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Question 23:

A nurse is assessing a patient with suicidal ideation. Which statement made by the patient requires immediate intervention?

A. "Sometimes, I just wish all of this would end.". B. "I have been feeling really down lately.". C. "I've been making a list of things I want to do before I die.". D. "I think things might get better if I reach out to my friends.".

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This statement indicates a clear and direct expression of suicidal ideation. The phrase "wish all of this would end" strongly implies a desire for one's life to end, which is a significant concern in assessing a patient with suicidal thoughts. Immediate intervention is necessary to ensure the patient's safety and address their emotional distress.

Choice B:

This statement, "I have been feeling really down lately," expresses a general sense of sadness and low mood. While it suggests emotional distress, it does not explicitly convey a direct intention for self-harm or suicide. However, it should not be ignored and should be explored further during the assessment.

Choice C:

"I've been making a list of things I want to do before I die" is a statement that may have different implications. While it could relate to the patient's interests and goals, it does not necessarily indicate a current intent for suicide. It is important to clarify the context and content of the list before drawing any conclusions.

Choice D:

"I think things might get better if I reach out to my friends" suggests that the patient is considering seeking support from friends, which is generally a positive coping strategy. This statement does not express an immediate risk of self-harm or suicide. However, it's still essential to evaluate the patient's overall emotional state and social support.

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Question 24:

A client with a history of suicide attempts is admitted to the hospital. Which statement by the client should the nurse address during the assessment phase?

A. "I lost my job recently, and my family would be better off without me.". B. "I enjoy spending time with my pet dog; it helps me relax.". C. "I have a supportive group of friends who are always there for me.". D. "I find it challenging to express my emotions to others.".

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This statement reflects a significant red flag for potential suicide risk. The client's acknowledgment of losing their job and perceiving their family would be better off without them suggests feelings of worthlessness and burden. These emotions are associated with an increased risk of self-harm or suicide. Immediate attention and intervention are necessary to address the client's distorted thoughts and emotions.

Choice B:

"I enjoy spending time with my pet dog; it helps me relax" is not an alarming statement related to suicide risk. While it highlights a coping mechanism, it doesn't provide direct insight into the client's emotional state or thoughts about self-harm.

Choice C:

"I have a supportive group of friends who are always there for me" indicates a positive aspect of the client's social support network. This statement does not raise immediate concerns about suicide risk. However, a comprehensive assessment should still explore the client's overall emotional well-being.

Choice D:

"I find it challenging to express my emotions to others" suggests a difficulty in emotional expression, which can be relevant to the assessment but does not inherently indicate imminent suicide risk. It's important to further explore the client's reasons for struggling with emotional expression.

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Question 25:

A nurse is providing education to a client and their family about suicide prevention. Which information should the nurse prioritize in the education?

A. Identifying and challenging positive thoughts. B. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of suicide risk. C. Promoting alcohol consumption as a stress-relieving strategy. D. Encouraging isolation during times of distress.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Identifying and challenging positive thoughts is a cognitive-behavioral strategy that can be beneficial for managing mental health, but it is not the top priority in suicide prevention education. While it contributes to overall emotional well-being, recognizing signs of suicide risk is more directly relevant to preventing self-harm.

Choice B:

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of suicide risk is crucial for early intervention and support. Educating clients and their families about these signs, such as increased isolation, giving away possessions, or talking about death, enables them to identify when someone might be in danger and take appropriate action.

Choice C:

Promoting alcohol consumption as a stress-relieving strategy is inappropriate in a suicide prevention context. Alcohol can exacerbate emotional distress and impair judgment, potentially leading to impulsive behaviors, including self-harm. This choice goes against safe and effective strategies for managing distress.

Choice D:

Encouraging isolation during times of distress is counterproductive and potentially harmful. Isolation can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and hopelessness, increasing the risk of suicidal ideation and actions. Connecting with a support network is a more appropriate recommendation during times of distress.

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Question 26:

A nurse is working with a client who has suicidal ideation. Which intervention should the nurse implement to promote hope in the client?

A. Encourage isolation to minimize potential stressors. B. Assist the client in creating a safety plan. C. Teach the client relaxation techniques. D. Focus solely on the client's past failures.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Encouraging isolation to minimize potential stressors is not a appropriate intervention for a client with suicidal ideation. Isolation can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and hopelessness, which can further contribute to the client's distress.

Choice B:

Assisting the client in creating a safety plan is a crucial intervention for a client with suicidal ideation. A safety plan helps the client identify strategies and resources to use when they experience overwhelming emotions or thoughts of self-harm. This plan provides a sense of control and practical steps to follow during times of crisis, promoting hope that they can manage their emotions and stay safe.

Choice C:

Teaching the client relaxation techniques is a valuable intervention, but it may not directly address the immediate need for a safety plan. Relaxation techniques can be helpful for managing anxiety and stress, but they might not be sufficient to prevent self-harm or suicide attempts.

Choice D:

Focusing solely on the client's past failures is counterproductive and can further erode the client's self-esteem and hope. It's important to focus on the client's strengths, coping skills, and the potential for positive change rather than dwelling on past difficulties.

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Question 27:

A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of the plan of care for a patient with suicidal ideation. What action should the nurse take during the evaluation phase?

A. Modify the plan of care based on the patient's current status. B. Compare the patient's current status with baseline data only. C. Disregard the patient's feedback about their care. D. Document outcomes without assessing the patient's response.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Modifying the plan of care based on the patient's current status is a fundamental aspect of the evaluation phase. Patients' conditions can change, and the plan of care should be flexible enough to adapt to their evolving needs. By making necessary adjustments, the nurse ensures that the patient continues to receive appropriate and effective care.

Choice B:

Comparing the patient's current status with baseline data only is insufficient for a comprehensive evaluation. Baseline data is useful for establishing a starting point, but it doesn't account for changes that may have occurred since then. Effective evaluation involves considering both baseline data and the patient's current condition.

Choice C:

Disregarding the patient's feedback about their care is not appropriate during the evaluation phase. Patient feedback provides valuable insights into their experience, concerns, and whether the current plan of care is meeting their needs. Ignoring their feedback can lead to unaddressed issues and a lack of patient-centered care.

Choice D:

Documenting outcomes without assessing the patient's response undermines the purpose of the evaluation phase. Evaluation involves not only documenting outcomes but also assessing how the patient has responded to interventions. This assessment informs whether the outcomes are positive, need adjustment, or require a different approach.

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Question 28:

A nurse is providing care to a client with suicidal ideation. Select all the interventions that the nurse should include in the implementation phase of the client's care.

A. Administering prescribed antidepressant medication. B. Assisting the client in creating a hope box. C. Teaching relaxation techniques to the client. D. Encouraging social isolation.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Administering prescribed antidepressant medication is an important intervention for a client with suicidal ideation who may be experiencing underlying depression. Antidepressants can help alleviate depressive symptoms, which can contribute to an improved mental state and decreased risk of self-harm.

Choice B:

Assisting the client in creating a hope box is a valuable intervention. A hope box is a collection of items that hold personal significance and provide comfort to the client during times of distress. This intervention encourages the client to focus on positive aspects of their life, fostering hope and resilience.

Choice C:

Teaching relaxation techniques to the client equips them with coping strategies to manage stress and anxiety. These techniques can help the client regulate their emotions and reduce feelings of distress, which are essential for preventing suicidal ideation.

Choice D:

Encouraging social isolation is not appropriate for a client with suicidal ideation. Isolation can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and hopelessness, increasing the risk of self-harm. Instead, promoting social connections and a supportive network can contribute to the client's well-being.

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Question 29:

A client has expressed suicidal thoughts to the nurse. Select all the warning signs for suicide that the nurse should be aware of.

A. Expressing hopelessness or worthlessness. B. Engaging in positive coping strategies. C. Increasing alcohol or drug use. D. Talking about wanting to die. E. Withdrawing or isolating oneself.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Expressing hopelessness or worthlessness is a significant warning sign for suicide. When a person communicates feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness, it indicates a deep emotional distress that may lead to suicidal thoughts or actions. This feeling of being trapped in a state of hopelessness can make suicide seem like the only way out. The nurse should be especially attentive when a client expresses such emotions and should take appropriate steps to assess and address their mental state.

Choice B:

Engaging in positive coping strategies is not a warning sign for suicide. In fact, individuals who are actively using positive coping mechanisms are likely trying to manage stressors and emotional difficulties in a healthier way. These strategies can include seeking social support, practicing mindfulness, engaging in hobbies, and exercising. Positive coping strategies are indicative of an individual's effort to improve their mental well-being rather than a heightened risk of suicide.

Choice C:

Increasing alcohol or drug use is a warning sign for suicide. Substance abuse can often be a way for individuals to numb emotional pain or distress. If someone is using alcohol or drugs as a means of escape, it can be a sign that they are struggling with their emotions and may be at an increased risk of suicidal ideation or behavior. It's important for the nurse to recognize this pattern and address the underlying emotional issues along with substance use.

Choice D:

Talking about wanting to die is a warning sign for suicide. When an individual openly talks about wanting to die or expressing a desire to end their life, it's a serious indication of their mental state. Such statements should always be taken seriously, and appropriate assessments and interventions should be implemented to ensure the person's safety. This may involve involving mental health professionals or crisis intervention teams.

Choice E:

Withdrawing or isolating oneself is a warning sign for suicide. Social withdrawal or isolation can be a sign that a person is experiencing emotional pain or struggling with their mental health. A sudden shift from being socially active to isolating oneself may indicate that the person is dealing with overwhelming emotions and could potentially be contemplating suicide as a way to escape their distress.

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Question 30:

A nurse is teaching a client's family about suicide prevention. What information should the nurse emphasize when discussing resources for help and support?

A. The importance of isolation during times of distress. B. The role of faith healing in preventing suicidal thoughts. C. Crisis hotline numbers, such as the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. D. The necessity of solving all life problems before seeking help.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The importance of isolation during times of distress is not accurate information. Isolation can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and hopelessness, potentially increasing the risk of suicidal thoughts. Encouraging isolation can prevent individuals from seeking help and support when they need it the most.

Choice B:

The role of faith healing in preventing suicidal thoughts is not a universally applicable solution. While faith and spirituality can provide comfort and support to some individuals, it's important to recognize that suicide prevention requires a comprehensive approach that often involves professional intervention and evidence-based strategies. Relying solely on faith healing may neglect other important aspects of mental health care.

Choice C:

Crisis hotline numbers, such as the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, are crucial resources for individuals in crisis. These hotlines provide immediate access to trained professionals who can offer support, intervention, and referrals to mental health services. Sharing these hotline numbers empowers the client's family to take proactive steps in seeking help during times of crisis.

Choice D:

The necessity of solving all life problems before seeking help is an unrealistic expectation. Mental health challenges, including suicidal thoughts, do not always correlate with external life problems. Waiting until all problems are solved could delay necessary intervention and support. It's essential to encourage seeking help early, even if all problems cannot be immediately resolved.

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