Review Vitamin K Injection

Immediate Newborn Care > Maternal & Newborn

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Vitamin K Injection

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Total Questions : 4

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Question 1:

A nurse is preparing to administer vitamin K injection to a newborn.

Which of the following actions should the nurse take before drawing up the medication?

A. Check the newborn’s blood type and Rh factor. B. Check the newborn’s bilirubin level and jaundice score C. Check the medication label for the name, dose, expiry date and route of administration D. Check the newborn’s weight and length measurements

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Checking the newborn’s blood type and Rh factor is not necessary before giving vitamin K injection.

Vitamin K is not a blood product and does not depend on blood compatibility.

Choice B:

Checking the newborn’s bilirubin level and jaundice score is not relevant to vitamin K injection.Vitamin K is given to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB), which is a serious condition that can cause bleeding in the brain or other organs.

Bilirubin level and jaundice score are indicators of neonatal jaundice, which is a common condition that causes yellowing of the skin and eyes due to excess bilirubin in the blood.

Choice C:

Check the medication label for the name, dose, expiry date and route of administration.

This is a standard precaution that should be taken before administering any medication to ensure patient safety and avoid medication errors.

Choice D:

Checking the newborn’s weight and length measurements is not required before giving vitamin K injection.The recommended dose of vitamin K for newborns weighing more than 1500 g is 1 mg as a single intramuscular injection within 6 hours of birth.For preterm infants weighing less than 1500 g, the dose is 0.3 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg.

The dose does not depend on the exact weight or length of the newborn.

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Question 2:

A nurse is administering vitamin K injection to a newborn using the vastus lateralis muscle as the injection site.

Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to ensure proper needle placement?

A. Divide the thigh into thirds horizontally and vertically and use the outer middle third of the thigh. B. Locate the greater trochanter and the lateral femoral condyle and use the middle third of this line. C. Palpate the anterior iliac spine and the mid-patella and use the lateral aspect of this line D. Identify the midpoint of a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and use this point

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Dividing the thigh into thirds horizontally and vertically and using the outer middle third of the thigh is a technique for locating the dorsogluteal site, which is not recommended for newborns.

Choice B:

This technique ensures proper needle placement in the vastus lateralis muscle, which is the preferred site for vitamin K injection in newborns.Vitamin K is given to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB), which can cause serious bleeding problems in newborns.

Choice C:

Palpating the anterior iliac spine and the mid-patella and using the lateral aspect of this line is a technique for locating the rectus femoris site, which is an alternative site for vitamin K injection in newborns but not as preferred as the vastus lateralis site.

Choice D:

Identifying the midpoint of a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and using this point is a technique for locating the ventrogluteal site, which is not recommended for newborns.

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Question 3:

A nurse has administered vitamin K injection to a newborn.

Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates an understanding of the rationale for this intervention?

A. “This injection will help prevent your baby from developing a bleeding disorder caused by low vitamin K levels.” B. “This injection will help boost your baby’s immune system and protect them from infections.” C. “This injection will help stimulate your baby’s liver function and metabolism.” D. “This injection will help increase your baby’s appetite and growth.”.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This injection will help prevent your baby from developing a bleeding disorder caused by low vitamin K levels.

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver.

Newborns have low levels of vitamin K because it does not cross the placenta well and they have limited gut flora to produce it.

Therefore, they are at risk of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB), which can cause serious and potentially fatal hemorrhages.To prevent VKDB, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a single intramuscular dose of 1 mg of vitamin K to all newborn infants within 6 hours of birth.

Choice B:

Vitamin K does not boost the immune system or protect from infections.

Choice C:

Vitamin K does not stimulate liver function or metabolism.

Choice D:

Vitamin K does not increase appetite or growth

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Question 4:

A nurse is caring for a newborn who did not receive vitamin K injection at birth due to parental refusal.

Which of the following signs and symptoms should alert the nurse to a possible vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB)?

A. Petechiae, ecchymosis, or oozing from puncture sites B. Pallor, tachycardia, or poor perfusion C. Jaundice, dark urine, or clay-colored stools D. Hypoglycemia, lethargy, or jitteriness

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Petechiae, ecchymosis, or oozing from puncture sites are signs and symptoms of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in newborns.VKDB is a rare form of bleeding disorder that affects newborns and young infants due to low stores of vitamin K at birth.Vitamin K is a substance that our body needs to form clots and to stop bleeding.

Choice B:

Pallor, tachycardia, or poor perfusion are signs of anemia or shock, which can have many causes other than VKDB.

Choice C:

Jaundice, dark urine, or clay-colored stools are signs of liver disease or biliary obstruction, which can affect vitamin K absorption but are not specific for VKDB.

Choice D:

Hypoglycemia, lethargy, or jitteriness are signs of low blood sugar or neonatal abstinence syndrome, which are not related to VKDB.

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Vitamin K Injection

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