Review Zika virus

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Zika virus

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Total Questions : 16

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Question 1:

A nurse is providing community education about Zika virus prevention. Which mosquito species are the primary vectors for Zika virus transmission? Select all that apply.

A. Aedes aegypti. B. Aedes albopictus. C. Anopheles mosquitoes. D. Culex mosquitoes. E. Anobium mosquitoes.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are one of the primary vectors for Zika virus transmission. They are highly efficient at spreading the virus and are commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions.

Choice B:

Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are another significant vector for Zika virus transmission. They are widespread and can be found in both tropical and temperate regions, making them important carriers of the virus.

Choice C:

Anopheles mosquitoes are primarily known for transmitting malaria, not Zika virus. They are not significant vectors for Zika transmission.

Choice D:

Culex mosquitoes are known for transmitting diseases such as West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis but are not major vectors for Zika virus transmission.

Choice E:

Anobium mosquitoes are not vectors for Zika virus transmission. They are a type of wood-boring beetle and do not play a role in spreading the virus to humans.

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Question 2:

A client asks the nurse about the mode of transmission for Zika virus. What is the correct response?

A. "Zika virus is primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water." B. "Zika virus is spread by airborne droplets from infected individuals." C. "Zika virus is primarily transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes species mosquitoes." D. "Zika virus is only transmitted through sexual contact.”

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Zika virus is not primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water. The main mode of transmission is through mosquito bites.

Choice B:

Zika virus is not spread by airborne droplets from infected individuals. It is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, as mentioned earlier.

Choice C:

This is the correct answer. Zika virus is primarily transmitted by the Aedes species mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which are the main vectors responsible for spreading the virus. When an infected mosquito bites a person, the virus can be transmitted to the individual.

Choice D:

Zika virus can also be transmitted through sexual contact, but this is not the primary mode of transmission. The primary mode is through mosquito bites.

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Question 3:

A client with Zika virus infection presents with fever, rash, and joint pain. The nurse suspects Zika virus as the cause of these symptoms. What additional symptom might the nurse expect in this client to support the diagnosis?

A. Swelling of the limbs. B. Enlarged lymph nodes. C. Persistent cough. D. Visual disturbances.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Swelling of the limbs, also known as peripheral edema, can be an additional symptom of Zika virus infection. It is one of the less common symptoms but may occur in some cases.

Choice B:

Enlarged lymph nodes are not typically associated with Zika virus infection. While lymphadenopathy can occur with various infections, it is not a characteristic symptom of Zika virus.

Choice C:

Persistent cough is not a typical symptom of Zika virus infection. Zika virus primarily presents with fever, rash, joint pain, and other flu-like symptoms.

Choice D:

Visual disturbances are not commonly reported symptoms of Zika virus infection. Zika virus mainly affects the nervous system of developing fetuses during pregnancy, leading to congenital abnormalities, but visual disturbances are not a usual symptom in infected individuals.

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Question 4:

A nurse is caring for a client who tested positive for Zika virus. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent further transmission of the virus?

A. Isolating the client in a negative pressure room. B. Administering antiviral medication. C. Providing supportive care for symptoms. D. Educating the client about mosquito bite prevention.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Isolating the client in a negative pressure room is not necessary for Zika virus, as it is not primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets. Isolation is not a standard precaution for this infection.

Choice B:

There is no specific antiviral medication for treating Zika virus infection, so administering antiviral medication is not the appropriate intervention.

Choice C:

Providing supportive care for symptoms is important, but the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent further transmission of the virus is educating the client about mosquito bite prevention. By using mosquito repellents, wearing protective clothing, and eliminating breeding sites, the client can reduce the risk of further transmission to others and protect themselves from additional mosquito bites.

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Question 5:

Which of the following viruses is closely related to Zika virus?

A. Hepatitis A virus. B. Influenza virus. C. Dengue virus. D. Rotavirus.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Hepatitis A virus is not closely related to Zika virus. Hepatitis A is a virus that primarily affects the liver and is transmitted through contaminated food or water, not through mosquitoes like Zika virus.

Choice B:

Influenza virus is not closely related to Zika virus. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses and is spread through respiratory droplets.

Choice C:

Dengue virus is closely related to Zika virus. Both Zika and Dengue viruses are members of the Flaviviridae family and are transmitted by the same Aedes mosquito species.

Choice D:

Rotavirus is not closely related to Zika virus. Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in young children and is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, not through mosquitoes.

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Question 6:

What is the primary mode of transmission of Zika virus?

A. Sexual contact. B. Airborne droplets. C. Infected food consumption. D. Mosquito bites.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Sexual contact is not the primary mode of transmission for Zika virus. Although Zika can be sexually transmitted, the main mode of transmission is through mosquito bites.

Choice B:

Airborne droplets are not the primary mode of transmission for Zika virus. Zika virus is not typically spread through respiratory droplets like some other viruses, such as the flu.

Choice C:

Infected food consumption is not the primary mode of transmission for Zika virus. Zika virus is not known to be transmitted through contaminated food.

Choice D:

Mosquito bites are the primary mode of transmission for Zika virus. Infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, transmit the virus to humans through their bites.

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Question 7:

A nurse is teaching a community group about Zika virus prevention. Which mosquito species should the nurse emphasize as the main vectors for Zika virus transmission?

A. Anopheles mosquitoes. B. Culex mosquitoes. C. Aedes aegypti. D. Aedes albopictus.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Anopheles mosquitoes are not the main vectors for Zika virus transmission. Anopheles mosquitoes are known for transmitting malaria, not Zika.

Choice B:

Culex mosquitoes are not the main vectors for Zika virus transmission. Culex mosquitoes can transmit West Nile virus, but they are not significant carriers of Zika virus.

Choice C:

Aedes aegypti is the main vector for Zika virus transmission. This mosquito species is highly responsible for spreading Zika to humans, especially in urban areas.

Choice D:

Aedes albopictus is also a vector for Zika virus transmission. It is another Aedes mosquito species that can transmit the virus, but it is less efficient in some regions compared to Aedes aegypti.

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Question 8:

A nurse is caring for a patient who recently traveled to a Zika virus transmission area. The patient presents with fever, headache, rash, and joint pain. What criteria are essential for the nurse to consider when suspecting Zika virus infection? (Select all that apply)

A. Recent travel history to a Zika virus transmission area. B. Presence of fever, headache, rash, and joint pain. C. Laboratory confirmation of Zika virus infection. D. Exposure to blood transfusion. E. Use of aspirin for pain relief.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The nurse should consider recent travel history to a Zika virus transmission area because Zika virus is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, and it is more likely for the patient to have contracted the virus if they have recently been in an area where the virus is actively transmitted.

Choice B:

The presence of fever, headache, rash, and joint pain are essential criteria for suspecting Zika virus infection because these are common symptoms associated with the disease. Fever and rash are particularly characteristic symptoms of Zika virus infection.

Choice C:

Laboratory confirmation of Zika virus infection is not essential for suspecting the infection, especially in the early stages when the patient is presenting with symptoms. Zika virus diagnosis often involves clinical evaluation, recent travel history to transmission areas, and symptoms.

Choice D:

Exposure to blood transfusion is not a specific criteria for suspecting Zika virus infection. While Zika virus can be transmitted through blood transfusion, it is not a primary consideration when initially suspecting the infection based on the patient's symptoms and travel history.

Choice E:

The use of aspirin for pain relief is not a criteria for suspecting Zika virus infection. It is not directly related to the disease and would not aid in the initial assessment and suspicion of the infection.

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Question 9:

A client who is pregnant and recently diagnosed with Zika virus infection requires nursing interventions to reduce the risk of congenital Zika syndrome. What measures should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply)

A. Providing prenatal screening and testing for Zika virus infection. B. Offering postnatal care and follow-up for babies with microcephaly. C. Advocating for the rights and needs of pregnant women. D. Implementing vector control activities to reduce mosquito breeding. E. Encouraging early pregnancy without delay.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Providing prenatal screening and testing for Zika virus infection is important in identifying if the fetus is affected by the virus. Early detection can help monitor and manage the pregnancy accordingly.

Choice B:

Offering postnatal care and follow-up for babies with microcephaly is crucial because Zika virus infection during pregnancy can lead to congenital Zika syndrome, which may include microcephaly in newborns.

Choice C:

Advocating for the rights and needs of pregnant women is essential in ensuring they receive appropriate care, support, and information about Zika virus infection during pregnancy.

Choice D:

Implementing vector control activities to reduce mosquito breeding is vital in preventing the spread of Zika virus to pregnant women and reducing the risk of infection during pregnancy.

Choice E:

Encouraging early pregnancy without delay is not a nursing intervention to reduce the risk of congenital Zika syndrome. It is not a relevant response to the question and does not address the management of Zika virus infection in pregnancy.

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Question 10:

The nurse educates a patient about Zika virus prevention. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

A. "I should apply insect repellent containing DEET on exposed skin and clothing.” B. "I will avoid sexual contact if I have symptoms of Zika virus infection.” C. "Wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants can help reduce mosquito bites.” D. "I don't need to worry about Zika virus if I only have flu-like symptoms.”

Answer and Explanation

Choice D:

The statement "I don't need to worry about Zika virus if I only have flu-like symptoms" indicates a need for further teaching. Zika virus infection can present with flu-like symptoms, and it is important for the patient to be aware that they should seek medical attention and get tested for Zika if they experience such symptoms, especially if they have a recent travel history to a Zika virus transmission area. The statement shows a lack of understanding about the potential risk of Zika virus infection and the importance of timely testing and management.

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Question 11:

A client asks the nurse about the treatment options for Zika virus infection. Which response by the nurse is correct?

A. "There is no specific antiviral treatment for Zika virus infection.” B. "You should take ibuprofen for pain relief and fever reduction.” C. "The treatment includes a course of antibiotics.” D. "Zika virus can be treated with antimalarial medications.”

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Zika virus infection is a viral illness primarily transmitted through mosquito bites. As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, there is no specific antiviral treatment available for Zika virus. Treatment is primarily supportive and focuses on relieving symptoms such as fever, pain, and rash. Rest, adequate hydration, and pain relief medications, such as acetaminophen, are recommended. Ibuprofen is not typically recommended due to its potential link to increased risk of severe disease in some viral infections. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses like Zika, as they are only effective against bacterial infections. Antimalarial medications are not indicated for the treatment of Zika virus infection.

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Question 12:

A nurse is caring for a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome possibly related to Zika virus infection. What nursing intervention is appropriate for the patient?

A. Providing education and counseling about Zika virus transmission. B. Monitoring and caring for pregnant women with Zika virus infection. C. Conducting surveillance and research on Zika virus complications. D. Offering early diagnosis and treatment for Zika virus infection.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Providing education and counseling about Zika virus transmission is important, but it is not the appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome possibly related to Zika virus infection. The patient's immediate needs are related to their condition and potential complications.

Choice B:

Monitoring and caring for pregnant women with Zika virus infection is essential, especially due to the potential risk of congenital Zika syndrome in babies born to infected mothers. However, this choice is not the appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Choice C:

Conducting surveillance and research on Zika virus complications is a valuable public health effort, but it is not a direct nursing intervention for an individual patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

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Question 13:

Which of the following is a primary mode of Zika virus transmission?

A. Maternal-fetal transmission. B. Sexual contact. C. Blood transfusion. D. Contact with infected animals.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Maternal-fetal transmission is another mode of Zika virus transmission, but it is not the primary mode. Zika virus can pass from an infected pregnant woman to her fetus during pregnancy or around the time of birth.

Choice C:

Blood transfusion can be a mode of Zika virus transmission, but it is not the primary mode. Zika virus can be transmitted through blood transfusion from an infected donor to a recipient.

Choice D:

Contact with infected animals is not a primary mode of Zika virus transmission. Zika virus primarily spreads through mosquito bites and sexual contact.

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Question 14:

A patient with suspected Zika virus infection is admitted to the hospital. Which type of test is essential for confirming the diagnosis?

A. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) B. Serological test for dengue virus. C. Tuberculosis skin test (TST) D. Complete blood count (CBC)

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

RT-PCR is essential for confirming the diagnosis of Zika virus infection. It is a molecular diagnostic test that can detect the presence of viral RNA in a patient's blood or other body fluids. This test is highly specific and sensitive, making it the preferred method for confirming Zika virus infection during the acute phase of the illness.

Choice B:

Serological test for dengue virus is not the correct choice for confirming Zika virus infection. While both Zika and dengue viruses are transmitted by the same mosquito vector, they are different viruses, and serological tests for dengue antibodies would not detect Zika virus infection accurately.

Choice C:

Tuberculosis skin test (TST) is not relevant for diagnosing Zika virus infection. TST is used for detecting tuberculosis infection, not viral infections like Zika.

Choice D:

Complete blood count (CBC) is a general blood test that measures different components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. CBC is not specific to diagnosing Zika virus infection and would not provide any information about the presence of the Zika virus.

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Question 15:

A client in a Zika virus transmission area seeks advice on preventing infection. What advice should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply)

A. Use mosquito nets while sleeping. B. Apply sunscreen to exposed skin. C. Eliminate standing water to reduce mosquito breeding sites. D. Avoid sexual contact with partners who traveled to Zika transmission areas. E. Consume unpasteurized dairy products for immunity boost.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Using mosquito nets while sleeping is an effective preventive measure against mosquito-borne infections like Zika. It helps protect individuals from mosquito bites during sleep, when they are most vulnerable.

Choice B:

Applying sunscreen to exposed skin is essential for protecting against sunburn and skin damage, but it does not prevent Zika virus infection, which is transmitted through mosquito bites.

Choice C:

Eliminating standing water to reduce mosquito breeding sites is crucial for controlling the mosquito population. Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water, and by eliminating these breeding sites, the mosquito population decreases, reducing the risk of Zika transmission.

Choice D:

Avoiding sexual contact with partners who traveled to Zika transmission areas is important because Zika can be sexually transmitted. Infected individuals can transmit the virus to their sexual partners, leading to potential spread of the infection.

Choice E:

Consuming unpasteurized dairy products for immunity boost is not a preventive measure against Zika virus infection. There is no evidence to suggest that unpasteurized dairy products can protect against Zika, and consuming them can pose other health risks due to potential contamination with harmful pathogens. Measles.

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Question 16:

A nurse is educating a pregnant client about Zika virus. What are the potential complications of Zika virus infection in pregnancy? Select the correct options.

A. Microcephaly. B. Yellow fever. C. Respiratory distress. D. Conjunctivitis. E. Hearing loss.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Microcephaly is a potential complication of Zika virus infection in pregnancy. It refers to a condition where the baby's head is smaller than expected, which can result in developmental issues and intellectual disabilities.

Choice B:

Yellow fever is not a potential complication of Zika virus infection in pregnancy. Yellow fever is a separate viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes and is not associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy.

Choice C:

Respiratory distress is not a common complication of Zika virus infection in pregnancy. Zika virus typically causes mild symptoms in adults and is not known to cause severe respiratory issues.

Choice D:

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, can be a symptom of Zika virus infection, but it is not a significant complication in pregnancy. It is a mild and self-limiting condition that does not typically cause long-term effects on the baby.

Choice E:

Hearing loss is a potential complication of Zika virus infection in pregnancy. Zika virus can affect the development of the baby's auditory system, leading to hearing impairment.

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