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Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), which prevents angiotensin II from binding to its receptors. It does not inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to II and is less likely to cause a dry cough.

Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that reduces blood pressure by relaxing vascular smooth muscle. It does not affect the renin-angiotensin system and does not cause dry cough.

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that acts on the ascending loop of Henle to promote sodium and water excretion. It is used in heart failure and edema but does not influence angiotensin conversion or cause dry cough.

The power of nursing boards is unrelated to the classification of a case as civil or criminal. Boards regulate licensure and professional conduct but do not determine legal case types.

Hiring a good attorney may influence the outcome of a case but does not determine whether it is civil or criminal. The nature of the act and intent are the key factors.

Criminal charges are filed by the state, not the patient. A patient cannot “drop” criminal charges. The classification depends on the nature of the act, not the victim’s decision.

Sublimation is a mature defense mechanism where unacceptable impulses are transformed into socially acceptable actions or behaviors. For example, someone might channel aggressive impulses into competitive sports. This does not apply to the scenario, as the man is not redirecting his behavior into a constructive outlet but rather continuing harmful behavior.

Reaction formation involves behaving in a way that is opposite to one's true feelings or desires. For example, someone who feels hostility might act overly friendly. This does not fit the scenario, as the man is not displaying behavior contrary to his internal state—he is simply refusing to acknowledge the problem.

Repression is an unconscious process where distressing thoughts or memories are pushed out of conscious awareness. While repression may play a role in substance use disorders, the man’s overt behavior and verbal denial suggest a conscious refusal to accept reality, which aligns more closely with denial than repression.

Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used primarily for emergency reversal of opioid overdose. It is not used as a maintenance medication in MAT, especially not during pregnancy, as it does not address withdrawal or cravings.

Naltrexone is also an opioid antagonist used in MAT, but it is contraindicated during pregnancy due to insufficient safety data and the risk of precipitating withdrawal. It requires complete detoxification before initiation, which is not ideal for pregnant patients.

Buprenorphine/Naloxone combination is generally avoided during pregnancy because naloxone can precipitate withdrawal in the fetus. Monotherapy with buprenorphine is the recommended approach for pregnant women with OUD.

A score of 0 or 1 is generally considered negative and may not require further evaluation unless other clinical signs are present. A score of 2 does not fall into this category.

While a score of 2 may suggest mild alcohol use disorder, the CAGE tool itself does not diagnose severity. It is a screening instrument, and further assessment is needed to determine the level of disorder.

This choice is incorrect because a score of 2 is not considered normal or indicative of no problems. It signals the need for further assessment.

This statement reflects the motivational interviewing principle of expressing empathy. It validates the client’s emotional experience and builds rapport but does not focus the conversation on change or the specific issue of cocaine use.

This is an open-ended question that aligns with the principle of engaging, not focusing. It invites the client to share but does not direct attention to the specific issue or encourage reflection on change.

This statement may come across as confrontational or dismissive. It risks eliciting defensiveness and does not align with motivational interviewing principles, which emphasize collaboration and evoking the client’s own motivations for change.

Beneficence refers to actions that promote the well-being of others. It involves doing good and preventing harm, but it does not specifically address the concept of equal treatment or fairness across individuals.

Respect is a foundational value in nursing ethics, particularly in honoring patient autonomy and dignity. However, it is not the principle that specifically mandates equal treatment across all individuals. Justice more directly addresses equality.

Fidelity refers to faithfulness and loyalty, particularly in keeping promises and maintaining trust with patients. While it is essential to ethical nursing practice, it does not encompass the idea of equal respect for all individuals.

Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that does not significantly affect buprenorphine metabolism. While it may have sedative effects or interact with other CNS depressants, it is not known to reduce buprenorphine efficacy.

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and a CYP2D6 inhibitor. It does not significantly impact buprenorphine levels or efficacy. Its interaction profile is more relevant to serotonergic drugs than opioids.

Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic and a CYP3A4 inhibitor. It can increase buprenorphine levels rather than decrease them. Therefore, it would not contribute to reduced efficacy but might increase side effects.

The PHQ-9 is a depression screening tool that includes one item on suicidal ideation. While useful for identifying depression and some suicide risk, it is not designed to assess comprehensive suicide risk, especially in individuals with borderline personality disorder.

The ACSS-FAD measures fearlessness about death, which is a component of the interpersonal theory of suicide. While it provides insight into one aspect of suicide risk, it does not assess overall risk or history of suicidal behavior.

The INQ assesses perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, which are psychological states associated with suicide risk. However, it does not directly evaluate suicidal behavior or intent, making it less comprehensive than the SBQ-R.

Nausea and vomiting are common in both opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal. They are nonspecific symptoms and do not help differentiate between the two conditions.

Restlessness and agitation are seen in both types of withdrawal. While they are important clinical features, they do not help distinguish between opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal.

Anxiety is a prominent symptom in benzodiazepine withdrawal and can also occur in opioid withdrawal. However, it is more characteristic of benzodiazepine withdrawal and does not serve as a distinguishing feature.