Review Practice Exercise 1

Inflammation And Wound Healing > Adult Health

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Practice Exercise 1

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Total Questions : 5

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Question 1:

Which of the following is the primary role of macrophages during the proliferative phase of wound healing?

A. Initiating vasoconstriction to control bleeding. B. Phagocytizing bacteria and cellular debris. C. Secreting growth factors that stimulate angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. D. Producing histamine to increase vascular permeability.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This is the role of platelets and vascular smooth muscle during the hemostasis phase, not the proliferative phase.

Choice B:

This is the main macrophage role in the inflammatory phase, though some clearance may continue early in the proliferative stage.

Choice C:

Secreting growth factors: Macrophages act as key regulators of wound healing by promoting angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and extracellular matrix production, all critical for granulation tissue formation.

Choice D:

Histamine release comes mainly from mast cells and basophils during the early inflammatory response, not from macrophages in the proliferative phase.

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Question 2:

Select all the cardinal signs of inflammation. Select all that apply

A. Tumor B. Palor C. Calor D. Rubor E. Dolor

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Refers to swelling, which occurs due to fluid accumulation and increased vascular permeability in the inflamed tissue.

Choice B:

Paleness is not a feature of inflammation; in fact, inflammation typically causes redness (rubor), making palor the opposite of what is expected.

Choice C:

Heat develops as a result of increased blood flow (hyperemia) to the inflamed area.

Choice D:

Redness results from vasodilation and increased perfusion to the site of injury or infection.

Choice E:

Pain occurs when chemical mediators such as bradykinin and prostaglandins stimulate sensory nerve endings.

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Question 3:

A patient presents with a deep, full-thickness burn. The wound bed is covered with eschar and a significant amount of necrotic tissue. Which of the following phases of wound healing is most likely to be delayed or inhibited by this condition?

A. Hemostasis B. Inflammation C. Proliferation D. Maturation

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This occurs immediately after injury to stop bleeding and would have already taken place before the proliferation phase begins.

Choice B:

While necrotic tissue can prolong inflammation, it doesn’t prevent it; in fact, it often triggers more inflammatory activity.

Choice C:

This phase depends on a clean wound bed for granulation tissue formation and

Choice D:

This is the final phase involving collagen remodeling and scar strengthening, which occurs after proliferation; it cannot proceed until earlier phases are completed.

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Question 4:

During the inflammatory phase of wound healing, which of the following events occur at the site of injury? Select all that apply

A. Neutrophils are the first phagocytic cells to arrive. B. Vasodilation of local blood vessels. C. Platelets release growth factors and cytokines. D. Fibroblasts migrate into the wound to begin collagen synthesis. E. Increased vascular permeability.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Neutrophils infiltrate the wound within hours, removing pathogens and damaged tissue.

Choice B:

Mediated by histamine, prostaglandins, and nitric oxide, vasodilation increases delivery of immune cells and nutrients.

Choice C:

These signals initiate inflammation and recruit additional immune cells to the wound.

Choice D:

Choice E:

This allows immune cells and plasma proteins to leave the bloodstream and enter the wound area for defense and repair preparation.

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Question 5:

What is the primary function of fibroblasts during the maturation phase of wound healing?

A. Clearing the wound of pathogens and dead cells. B. Forming a fibrin clot to stop bleeding. C. Producing and remodeling the collagen matrix to increase tensile strength. D. Creating new blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Clearing the wound of pathogens and dead cells: This is primarily the role of neutrophils and macrophages during the inflammatory phase.

Choice B:

Forming a fibrin clot to stop bleeding: This is the function of platelets during the hemostasis phase.

Choice C:

Producing and remodeling the collagen matrix to increase tensile strength: Fibroblasts are responsible for ongoing collagen production and remodeling, which gradually restores the wound’s structural stability and reduces scar thickness.Rationale for incorrect answers:

Choice D:

Creating new blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients: This occurs during angiogenesis in the proliferative phase, not during maturation.

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Practice Exercise 1

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