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ANA (American Nurses Association): The ANA, founded in 1896, is a national organization in the United States, not international.

NLN (National League for Nursing): The NLN focuses on nursing education and accreditation within the U.S., not internationally.

NSNA (National Student Nurses’ Association): The NSNA supports nursing students in the U.S. and is not an international body.

To describe the nurse as a dependent caregiver: The statement emphasizes nursing as an independent profession that collaborates with other disciplines. It does not define nurses as dependent on physicians.

To provide standards for nursing educational programs: This is addressed in separate ANA documents and by accrediting agencies (e.g., CCNE), not in the Social Policy Statement.

To regulate nursing research: Nursing research is guided by professional organizations, ethics boards, and research councils. The Social Policy Statement is not a regulatory document for research.

Advanced beginner is usually a nurse with limited experience who can recognize recurring meaningful components in clinical situations but still relies heavily on rules and guidance. This stage typically includes new graduates or nurses with less than 1 year of experience.

Proficient: A proficient nurse has more experience than a competent nurse, often closer to 4-5 years. They view clinical situations as wholes rather than parts, and can anticipate events based on past experience.

Expert: Expert nurses demonstrate fluid, intuitive decision-making and deep, flexible understanding of clinical situations. This stage usually develops after many years of diverse, advanced clinical experience.

ANA (American Nurses Association) developed the Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses, which applies primarily to licensed RNs. While this code is essential for professional practice, it is not tailored specifically for nursing students in training.

NLN (National League for Nursing) focuses on excellence in nursing education and supports faculty development and program standards, but it does not provide a specific code of ethics for nursing students.

AACN (American Association of Colleges of Nursing) sets standards for baccalaureate and higher-degree nursing education programs and contributes to curriculum development, but does not issue a code of conduct for nursing students.

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) accredits healthcare organizations and sets quality and safety standards. While it influences institutional policies and performance improvement efforts, it does not define legal nursing practice or scope of care.

Facility Policies may provide specific protocols and procedures, but they must operate within the limits set by the Nurse Practice Act. A facility cannot legally allow a nurse to perform actions that exceed their scope of practice defined by the NPA.

The American Medical Association (AMA) represents physicians, not nurses. Although it influences healthcare policy and interprofessional collaboration, it has no authority over nursing scope of practice or licensure.

Moving from an illness prevention to a health promotion model: While health promotion is indeed important, this answer is misleading because healthcare reform doesn’t replace illness prevention with health promotion-it integrates both.

Moving from hospital-based to community-based care: Healthcare reform encourages care delivery closer to where patients live, making it more accessible and cost-effective. Community-based care allows for early detection, better chronic disease management.

Moving from an acute illness to a disease management model: Disease management is part of reform, especially for chronic illnesses like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease. However, this approach is still reactive-it addresses diseases after they develop.