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Inflammation of the large airways refers to bronchitis, not pneumonia.

Severe infection of the bronchioles describes bronchiolitis, commonly caused by RSV, not pneumonia.

Acute viral infection with maximum effect at the bronchiolar level describes bronchiolitis, not pneumonia.

Mycoplasma causes atypical pneumonia (“walking pneumonia”), more common in school-aged children and adolescents, not infants.

Parainfluenza virus causes viral respiratory infections like croup, not bacterial pneumonia.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of viral bronchiolitis, not bacterial pneumonia.

Enteric bacilli is a rare cause of pneumonia in healthy children; more common in hospital-acquired infections or immunocompromised clients.

Staphylococcal pneumonia can cause severe pneumonia but is less common and usually follows influenza or occurs in very young children and immunocompromised clients.

Streptococcal pneumonia is more common in infants, toddlers, and preschool children, not school-age children.

A 13-year-old with cough, coarse breath sounds, and poor sleep has uncomfortable symptoms but manageable at home if hydration and oxygenation are adequate.

A 14-year-old with fever, tachypnea, and decreased appetite has mild to moderate pneumonia signs. However, if the child can still drink fluids, hospitalization is not required.

A 16-year-old with cough, chills, fever, and wheezing has symptoms that are concerning but manageable as an outpatient if oxygen saturation is stable and hydration is adequate.

Trendelenburg position places the head lower than the chest, increasing work of breathing and aspiration risk. Not appropriate in pneumonia.

Lying on the affected left side compresses the diseased lung, worsening oxygen exchange and increasing discomfort.

Supine position decreases lung expansion, may worsen ventilation, and increases risk of secretion pooling and hypoxemia.

Rocking the client until asleep may soothe temporarily but laying him flat worsens breathing effort, risking hypoxemia and discomfort.

Holding him in a supine position while he sleeps limits chest expansion and may increase airway obstruction or secretion pooling, making breathing harder.

Giving an over-the-counter sleeping pill is unsafe and inappropriate for children. Sedatives can depress respirations, worsening respiratory distress.